"Energy IN" includes which of the following?

"Energy IN" refers specifically to the total caloric intake that the body receives from food and beverages consumed. This encompasses the macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—found in food that provide energy.

Food is the primary source of energy for the body, as it includes all the nutrients necessary to support biological functions and daily activities. When considering overall energy balance, the focus is on what is consumed; thus, food, which is the correct answer, is a direct contributor to energy intake.

While exercise, sugar intake, and protein supplements may influence energy levels or overall nutrition, they do not constitute the entirety of "Energy IN" in the way that food does. Exercise is an external factor that uses energy but does not contribute to intake. Sugar intake is a specific component of food, not a standalone source, and protein supplements, although they provide energy, are considered part of the food category rather than separate from it. Therefore, the best representation of "Energy IN" is food itself.