What condition will occur if the calories consumed are greater than energy expenditure?

When calories consumed exceed energy expenditure, the body is in a state of positive energy balance. This means that the amount of energy taken in through food and beverages surpasses the energy the body uses for metabolic processes, physical activity, and maintaining basic bodily functions.

The surplus of calories is then stored as fat in the body, leading to weight gain over time. In contrast, weight loss occurs when energy expenditure exceeds calorie intake, while weight maintenance happens when both are balanced. Dehydration is unrelated to calorie balance, as it's primarily about fluid intake versus fluid loss. Therefore, when there is an excess of calories consumed, the most logical outcome is an increase in body weight, validating why the correct answer is the one related to gaining weight.