What does atherosclerosis refer to?

Atherosclerosis specifically refers to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This condition progresses over time and can lead to serious cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks and strokes. The process begins with damage to the endothelium, or inner lining of the artery, which allows cholesterol and other substances to accumulate and form plaques.

While inflammation of the heart muscle can refer to other conditions such as myocarditis, and constriction of blood vessels and clogging of the veins involve different physiological processes, atherosclerosis uniquely involves the hardening of the arteries, which is critical in understanding cardiovascular health and risks. Recognizing this distinction is vital for identifying preventive measures and treatments for heart-related diseases.