What effect do trans fats have on cholesterol levels compared to saturated fats?

Trans fats have a specific impact on cholesterol levels that is particularly concerning for cardiovascular health. They are known to raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, while simultaneously lowering high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol.

When trans fats are consumed, they disrupt the normal lipid metabolism. This results in an increase of LDL cholesterol, which forms plaque in the arteries and can lead to heart disease. At the same time, the reduction of HDL cholesterol is detrimental because HDL helps to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream. By decreasing HDL levels, trans fats ultimately create an unfavorable balance that increases the risk of cardiovascular problems.

This dual effect—raising LDL and lowering HDL—highlights why trans fats are especially harmful compared to saturated fats. While saturated fats may also raise LDL cholesterol levels, they do not have the same effect on HDL levels. Understanding this distinction is essential for making informed dietary choices and promoting heart health.